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Lincolnshire, England derived from the merging of the territory of the ancient Kingdom of Lindsey with that controlled by the Danelaw borough Stamford. For some time the entire county was called 'Lindsey', and it is recorded as such in the Domesday Book. Later, Lindsey was applied to only the northern core, around Lincoln; it was defined as one of the three 'Parts of Lincolnshire', along with Holland in the south-east and Kesteven in the south west. In 1888 when county councils were set up, Lindsey, Holland and Kesteven each were authorized to have separate "Part" councils. These survived until 1974, when Holland, Kesteven, and most of Lindsey were merged into Lincolnshire, and the northern part, with Scunthorpe and Grimsby, going to the newly formed non-metropolitan county of Humberside, along with most of the East Riding of Yorkshire. An additional local government reform in 1996 abolished Humberside, and the parts south of the Humber became the unitary authorities of North Lincolnshire and North East Lincolnshire. These areas became part of Lincolnshire for ceremonial purposes, such as the Lord-Lieutenancy, but are not covered by the Lincolnshire police. These two authorities are in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England. The remaining districts of Lincolnshire are Boston, East Lindsey, Lincoln, South Holland, South Kesteven, North Kesteven and West Lindsey. They are part of the East Midlands region. ==Stone Age== During the Pleistocene epoch, Britain's climate alternated between long periods of extreme cold and relative warmth; at least the last three cold spells lead to glaciation, during which ice moved southwards across England.〔May 1976, pp. 10–13〕 Lincolnshire was covered by ice in the Anglian and Wolstonian glacial stages and the eastern parts of the county were glaciated during the Devensian.〔Membery, p. 1〕 Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers migrated to Britain at least 800,000 years ago, but evidence of early settlement in the Midlands is sparse, probably due to the ice disrupting remains.〔May 1976, pp. 22–23〕 Flint flakes at Kirmington in Lincolnshire have been traced to the Hoxnian interglacial, which fell between the Anglian and Wolstonian stages.〔May 1976, pp. 14–16〕〔“Hoxnian Stage” in Timothy Darvill, ''Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology'', 2nd ed., 2008; online ed. 2009, accessed 1 May 2015〕 Most of the other lower Palaeolithic finds in Lincolnshire are Acheulian hand-axes, which date from that period onwards.〔May 1976, p. 20; examples of which are flints found at Atterby Carr and Barlings〕〔Membery, pp. 1–2〕 During the Ipswichian warm period after the Wolstonian, humans began fashioning Mousterian flint-axes, a specimen of which has been found at Risby Warren, near Scunthorpe in northern Lincolnshire. Finds from the late Devensian have also been uncovered at Scunthorpe and dated to between 12,000 and 8,000 BC.〔May 1976, pp. 23–28〕 As the Ice age subsided, Britain’s climate shifted from sub-Arctic to temperate.〔May 1976, p. 29〕 Humans developed more complex and innovative stone tools in the Mesolithic era, although their economy remained chiefly hunter-gatherer.〔("Mesolithic Period" ). ''Encyclopaedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2 May 2015〕〔May 1976, p. 32〕 The Scunthorpe area may have been a “focus of population” during the Mesolithic. A camp at Willoughton has been excavated, revealing hearths and flints; digging at Sheffield’s Hill has revealed microliths, indicating a later settlement date, possibly to the 6th millennium BC, while those found at Risby Warren are even more sophisticated and numerous.〔May 1976, pp. 32–36〕 Mesolithic sites have also been uncovered along the southern edge of the Lincolnshire Wolds and between Ancaster and Grantham.〔May 1976, pp. 36–38〕 The Neolithic is the last stage of Stone Age culture, defined by the use of polished stone tools, a dependence on domesticated plants and animals and the development of pottery and other crafts.〔("Neolithic Period" ). ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2 May 2015〕 Few early Neolithic settlements have been identified in Lincolnshire; examples include a hollow at Dragonby, pottery and flint at Great Ponton, and pottery found in a later barrow at Walesby.〔May 1976, pp. 43–45〕 Long barrows have been discovered in the southern and central Wolds and include the Giants’ Hills barrows at Skendleby.〔May 1976, pp. 45–49〕 Surface artefacts, mostly late Neolithic flint or other stone tools, are found scattered across the county and especially in the lower Trent Valley and the Lincoln Vale.〔May 1976, pp. 49–57〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of Lincolnshire」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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